研究迴圈報告 — Run #24

研究主題:Best SPY entry/exit signals with profit target and stop loss using SPY daily and hourly bars for all available history. Use ML, technical indicators, or any method to explore alpha. Continue from Run #23 findings: RSI(2) mean reversion with 5% PT and 1% SL achieved 1.68 Sharpe. Explore NEW approaches not yet tested. · 產生時間:2026-03-12 21:38:20 UTC

總輪次
10
總假說數
41
已確認
33
已拒絕
8
待驗證
0
最高信心
1.0000
最佳 Sharpe
2.1380

核心結論

SPY擇時Alpha為零,但通過VRP收割(賣Put)和波動率體制管理(VIX過濾),可以在統計顯著的水平上改善風險調整後回報——前提是你有紀律、有資本、且接受-36%回撤仍然可能發生。

執行摘要

本次研究迴圈共進行 10 輪, 產生 41 個假說, 其中 33 個通過驗證、 8 個被拒絕、 0 個待驗證。

總耗時 0 秒, 消耗 0 tokens。

最佳策略:SPY_CSP_DTE14_delta_20(Sharpe 2.1380)

策略績效排名

輪次策略Sharpe交易數勝率最大回撤年化報酬
R6 SPY_CSP_DTE14_delta_20 2.1380 1240 0.8% -101.6300 0.2%
R6 SPY_CSP_DTE14_delta_30 1.9890 1240 0.8% -156.4700 0.2%
R8 v11_combo_pt50_sl2x_dte3 1.5850 0
R6 SPY_CSP_DTE45_delta_30 1.5490 333 0.7% -159.1100 0.2%
R6 SPY_CSP_DTE30_delta_20 1.5380 622 0.7% -187.1600 0.2%
R8 v02_pt50 1.4240 0
R6 SPY_CSP_DTE45_delta_20 1.4160 333 0.7% -139.7300 0.2%
R6 SPY_CSP_DTE30_delta_30 1.3920 622 0.7% -212.5800 0.2%
R6 SPY_CSP_DTE21_delta_20 1.1770 622 0.7% -152.6000 0.1%
R8 v01_hold_to_expiry 1.1290 0
R6 SPY_CSP_DTE21_delta_30 1.1120 622 0.7% -171.4700 0.2%
R8 v05_sl1x 1.1060 0
R8 v10_time_dte1 1.0740 0
R8 v04_pt90 1.0620 0
R8 v06_sl2x 0.9950 0

各輪研究摘要

Round 6

risk-auditor

Pivoting to SPY options strategies introduces fundamentally different risk categories vs equity timing. This audit establishes a comprehensive risk framework covering tail risk, volatility surface effects, liquidity, pin risk, margin, VRP stability, and backtest pitfalls. The empirical VRP check CONFIRMS the variance risk premium exists (VIX overestimates realized vol 84.7% of the time, avg +3.55 vol points) and persists in recent data (2024+: 88.5% positive). However, the premium is NOT free mo

Round 7

researcher

Position sizing analysis for SPY DTE14/Delta20 short put strategy. Kelly criterion suggests 30-35% full Kelly fraction, but half-Kelly (15-17%) is recommended given fat-tailed loss distribution. Maximum portfolio allocation should be 20-30% of NAV in cash-secured puts, with 50%+ in T-bills/cash as margin buffer. CRITICAL FINDING: Sharpe 2.14 is almost certainly inflated by 2-3x due to (1) Sharpe calculation on per-trade returns rather than time-series returns, (2) no slippage/commission modeling

risk-auditor

SHARPE IS INFLATED. Round 6 reported Sharpe=2.16 using per-trade sqrt(N) annualization. The correct calendar-time Sharpe is 1.38 (a 1.6x overstatement). This is because the strategy trades frequently (207 trades/year) but each trade is small relative to notional. The per-trade Sharpe inflates by sqrt(trades_per_year) when trades are not independent calendar-day returns. After correction, Sharpe 1.38 is still attractive and above the PUT index benchmark.

Round 9

researcher

Final CONVERGE synthesis across 8 rounds of SPY research. Three validated building blocks: (1) SPY B&H as core equity exposure (no timing alpha exists), (2) SPY put selling harvests VRP with realistic Sharpe 0.6-1.0 on capital, (3) Vol-targeting/VIX regime sizing reduces drawdown 30-60% without sacrificing returns. The recommended portfolio combines these three into a single implementable strategy with explicit regime filters and position sizing rules.

Round 10

researcher

經過10輪嚴謹研究,涵蓋15+技術指標、ML模型、期權策略與組合優化,我們得出一個核心結論:SPY擇時Alpha為零,但VRP(波動率風險溢價)是真實且可收割的。最終推薦策略相較B&H提升Sharpe +0.19(統計顯著,95% CI [0.076, 0.329]),最大回撤從-55.2%降至-35.9%。策略複雜度適中,值得實施——但僅限於紀律嚴格、能承受尾部風險的投資者。

risk-auditor

經過 9 輪嚴格研究,本報告對 Run #24 發現的所有策略元件進行最終風險評分與簽核。核心結論:SPY 擇時 Alpha 為零(15+ 變體驗證);VRP(波動率風險溢價)是真實存在的結構性溢價;VIX regime filter 是唯一經統計驗證有效的風險管理工具。最低可行策略(Minimum Viable Strategy)= SPY B&H + VIX Regime Filter,無需選擇權經驗即可執行。

各輪活動統計

輪次Agent 數Agents假說數耗時Tokens
R13optimizer, researcher, risk-auditor 24
R23optimizer, researcher, risk-auditor 9
R33optimizer, researcher, risk-auditor 0
R43optimizer, researcher, risk-auditor 0
R53optimizer, researcher, risk-auditor 0
R63optimizer, researcher, risk-auditor 0
R73optimizer, researcher, risk-auditor 0
R83optimizer, researcher, risk-auditor 0
R93optimizer, researcher, risk-auditor 8
R103optimizer, researcher, risk-auditor 0

輪次評分(Keep/Discard Gate)

輪次綜合分數SharpeDrawdown樣本量交易數決策改善%
R1 0.5952 0.0000 1.0000 1.0000 549 KEEP
R2 0.7016 0.3030 1.0000 1.0000 881 KEEP 17.88%
R3 0.1625 0.0000 0.5000 0.0000 0 DISCARD -76.84%
R4 0.2321 0.0000 0.5000 0.0000 0 DISCARD -66.92%
R5 0.2750 0.0000 0.5000 0.0000 0 DISCARD -60.80%
R6 0.6500 1.0000 0.0000 1.0000 8117 KEEP -7.35%
R7 0.2750 0.0000 0.5000 0.0000 0 DISCARD -60.80%
R8 0.1693 0.0000 0.5000 0.0000 0 DISCARD -75.87%
R9 0.2750 0.0000 0.5000 0.0000 0 DISCARD -60.80%
R9 0.2750 0.0000 0.5000 0.0000 0 DISCARD -60.80%
R10 0.1400 0.0000 0.5000 0.0000 0 DISCARD -80.05%

假說清單

Round 1 (24 假說)

狀態維度信心假說
confirmed validation_framework 0.9700 LOOK-AHEAD BIAS CHECKLIST: All entry signals must execute at NEXT bar open (not current bar close). Specifically: (1) If signal fires on day T close, entry price = day T+1 open. (2) If exit signal fires on day T close (e.g., RSI>50), exit price = day T+1 open. (3) For intraday signals on hourly bars...
confirmed validation_framework 0.9600 SHARPE CALCULATION STANDARD: All strategies must report Sharpe using the DAILY EQUITY CURVE method, not per-trade annualization. Specifically: (1) Build daily equity curve including cash days (return=0 or risk-free rate). (2) Sharpe = mean(daily_excess_returns) / std(daily_excess_returns) * sqrt(252...
confirmed validation_framework 0.9500 MULTIPLE TESTING CORRECTION: When testing N parameter combinations (PT/SL grids, indicator thresholds, etc.), apply Bonferroni-Holm correction to all reported p-values and compute Deflated Sharpe Ratio (DSR). Rules: (1) For grid searches with N<=20 combinations, use Bonferroni: adjusted_alpha = 0.05...
confirmed validation_framework 0.9500 MINIMUM SAMPLE SIZE REQUIREMENTS: (1) Minimum 100 trades for ANY Sharpe estimate to be reported (below this, report only win rate and avg return with explicit 'INSUFFICIENT SAMPLE' warning). (2) Minimum 30 trades per regime sub-period (bull/bear/sideways) for regime analysis. (3) Minimum 50 trades p...
confirmed validation_framework 0.9400 WALK-FORWARD VALIDATION PROTOCOL: (1) Use EXPANDING window (not rolling) with minimum 5 non-overlapping OOS windows. (2) Each OOS window must be AT LEAST 3 years for daily strategies, 6 months for intraday. (3) Windows MUST NOT overlap in OOS periods — Run #23 R5 found 20-60% OOS overlap artificiall...
confirmed validation_framework 0.9300 REGIME ROBUSTNESS REQUIREMENTS: Every strategy must be evaluated across at least 3 distinct market regimes with performance breakdown. Define regimes as: (1) BULL: trailing 12-month SPY return > 10% AND VIX < 20, (2) BEAR: trailing 12-month SPY return < -10% OR max drawdown in last 6 months > 15%, (...
confirmed validation_framework 0.9000 TRANSACTION COST AND SLIPPAGE MODEL: (1) Minimum 10 bps round-trip for daily SPY trades (5 bps each way). (2) For intraday/hourly strategies: 5 bps each way PLUS 1 tick slippage (0.01/share). (3) For options strategies: use bid-ask midpoint minus 30% of spread width as realistic fill. (4) Report res...
confirmed validation_framework 0.9300 FAT-TAIL DEPENDENCY TEST (MANDATORY): Compute strategy Sharpe after: (1) Removing top 5% of trades by P&L. (2) Removing top 10% of trades by P&L. (3) Removing all trades that hit profit target within 2 days ('lucky trades'). If Sharpe drops below 0 after removing top 10%, the strategy is a 'lottery ...
confirmed validation_framework 0.9100 TRADE OVERLAP AND POSITION MANAGEMENT: (1) No new position may be entered while an existing position is still open (single-position constraint), unless the strategy is explicitly designed as a portfolio strategy with defined position limits. (2) If overlapping trades are allowed, report BOTH single-...
confirmed validation_framework 0.9200 SURVIVORSHIP BIAS ACKNOWLEDGMENT: SPY is the most successful equity index ETF in history. Any buy-the-dip strategy will look spectacular in hindsight on an asset that ALWAYS recovered. Run #24 MUST: (1) Test any SPY signal on at least 2 non-US equity indices (e.g., EFA, EEM) as out-of-sample assets....
confirmed validation_framework 0.9400 BENCHMARK COMPARISON STANDARD: Every strategy must be compared against THREE benchmarks: (1) SPY buy-and-hold over the identical period with identical Sharpe methodology. (2) 60/40 SPY/AGG portfolio (for risk-adjusted comparison). (3) Random entry with same trade frequency and holding period (permut...
confirmed validation_framework 0.9100 PRE-REGISTRATION AND HYPOTHESIS TRACKING: Before any backtest is run, the researcher/optimizer must declare: (1) The exact entry/exit rules with all parameters fixed. (2) The primary metric (daily equity Sharpe). (3) The success threshold (e.g., Sharpe > 0.5 net of costs, statistically significant v...
confirmed volatility_structure 1.0000 VIX Term Structure Carry Trade: Go long SPY when VIX futures are in contango (VIX/VIX3M ratio < 0.9, front month cheaper than back month) and short/cash when in backwardation (ratio > 1.05). The VIX term structure is one of the most robust risk premia in finance - contango reflects the insurance pre...
confirmed volatility_structure 1.0000 Realized-Implied Volatility Spread (Variance Risk Premium): Buy SPY when the variance risk premium (VRP = implied vol - realized vol) is high (VRP > 75th percentile of trailing 252-day window), indicating options are expensive relative to actual moves, and the market is pricing in fear that is likel...
confirmed flow_sentiment 1.0000 Put-Call Ratio Extreme Contrarian Signal from SPY Options Data: Using the actual SPY options data in /root/data/thetadata/equity_options/eod/, compute daily put-call volume ratio and put-call open interest ratio. Entry: when put/call volume ratio > 2.0 (extreme fear, measured at EOD), go long SPY at...
confirmed ml_volatility 1.0000 Gradient Boosting on VIX + Options Features (NOT price features): Train a LightGBM/sklearn GradientBoosting model to predict next-5-day SPY direction, but EXCLUSIVELY using volatility and options-derived features - NOT price-derived features (no RSI, no MA, no momentum). Features: (1) VIX level, (2)...
confirmed cross_asset_momentum 1.0000 Multi-Asset Momentum Rotation (SPY + TLT + GLD): Instead of timing SPY entry/exit (proven futile in Run #23), allocate monthly across SPY, TLT (long treasury bonds), and GLD (gold) based on 12-1 month momentum (Antonacci dual momentum). Each month: rank the 3 assets by trailing 12-month return exclu...
confirmed portfolio_construction 1.0000 Risk Parity with Volatility Scaling (SPY + TLT Equal Risk): Allocate between SPY and TLT such that each contributes equal portfolio volatility (inverse volatility weighting). Rebalance monthly. When combined portfolio realized vol > 15% annualized, scale down total exposure proportionally. This is N...
confirmed intraday_options 1.0000 Intraday Gap Fill Strategy Using SPY Options Data: When SPY opens with a gap down > 0.5% from previous close (measured at 9:31 AM), buy SPY via a short-dated ATM call option (0-1 DTE) and exit at the gap fill level or EOD, whichever comes first. Gap fills are one of the most persistent intraday phen...
confirmed calendar_anomalies 1.0000 Monthly Seasonal + VIX Regime Composite: Combine two of the most robust calendar anomalies with VIX regime filtering. Rules: (1) 'Sell in May' - invest in SPY Nov-Apr, cash May-Oct. (2) Within invested months, apply Turn-of-Month effect: increase to 125% weight on last 2 and first 3 trading days of ...
confirmed options_selling 1.0000 SPX 0DTE Options Selling Strategy (Iron Condor): Rather than trying to TIME SPY (proven futile), SELL short-dated SPX options to harvest the volatility risk premium directly. Strategy: sell daily 0DTE iron condors on SPX, with wings at 0.10 delta (approx 1.5-2% OTM). Collect premium and let expire. ...
confirmed trend_following 1.0000 Adaptive Trend Following with Breakout Confirmation (Turtle-style): Use a 20-day Donchian Channel breakout (buy on new 20-day high close) with ATR-based position sizing and trailing stop. Enter long when SPY closes at a 20-day high AND the 50-day SMA is rising (slope > 0). Position size = 1% risk / ...
confirmed cross_sectional_momentum 1.0000 Cross-Sectional Equity Momentum Applied to Sector ETFs (Relative Strength Rotation): Instead of timing SPY, rotate monthly among the 11 SPDR sector ETFs (XLK, XLF, XLV, XLE, XLI, XLP, XLU, XLB, XLY, XLRE, XLC) based on 6-month relative strength. Go long top 3 sectors, equal-weighted. Apply absolute ...
confirmed microstructure 1.0000 Overnight vs Intraday Return Decomposition Strategy: Exploit the well-documented overnight return premium. SPY has historically earned most of its returns overnight (close-to-open) rather than intraday (open-to-close). Strategy: buy SPY at 3:55 PM close, sell at next day 9:35 AM open. Repeat daily. ...

Round 2 (9 假說)

狀態維度信心假說
confirmed technical_indicators 1.0000 Connors RSI (CRSI) for SPY Mean Reversion: CRSI combines three components — RSI(3) of price, RSI(3) of the up/down streak length, and percentile rank of today's % change over trailing 100 days. Buy SPY at T+1 open when CRSI < 10 (extreme oversold on all three dimensions simultaneously). Exit at T+1 ...
confirmed technical_indicators 1.0000 Williams %R with Divergence Detection: Williams %R is mathematically identical to an inverted Fast Stochastic %K — it measures where today's close falls within the N-day high-low range. The novel angle is DIVERGENCE detection: when price makes a new 20-day low but Williams %R(14) makes a HIGHER low ...
confirmed technical_indicators 1.0000 Heikin-Ashi Trend Detection for SPY Regime Identification: Heikin-Ashi (HA) candles smooth price action by averaging open/close with prior bar values: HA_Close = (O+H+L+C)/4, HA_Open = (prev_HA_Open + prev_HA_Close)/2. A TREND is identified when HA candles have no lower wick (bullish) or no upper wi...
confirmed technical_indicators 1.0000 Ichimoku Cloud System for SPY Trend + Support/Resistance: The Ichimoku Kinko Hyo system uses 5 lines: Tenkan-sen (9-period midpoint), Kijun-sen (26-period midpoint), Senkou Span A (midpoint of Tenkan/Kijun shifted forward 26 periods), Senkou Span B (52-period midpoint shifted forward 26 periods), an...
confirmed technical_indicators 1.0000 Stochastic RSI (StochRSI) Extreme Readings for SPY: StochRSI applies the Stochastic oscillator formula to RSI values instead of price: StochRSI = (RSI - min(RSI,N)) / (max(RSI,N) - min(RSI,N)) over N periods. This creates a more sensitive oscillator that reaches extreme values (0 or 1) more frequent...
confirmed technical_indicators 1.0000 DeMark TD Sequential (TD9/TD13) Exhaustion Counts for SPY: Tom DeMark's Sequential indicator counts consecutive bars where the close is higher/lower than the close 4 bars earlier. A completed Setup of 9 consecutive qualifying bars signals potential exhaustion. A subsequent Countdown of 13 bars (clos...
confirmed technical_indicators 1.0000 Commodity Channel Index (CCI) Divergence for SPY Turning Points: CCI measures how far price has deviated from its statistical mean using: CCI = (Typical Price - SMA(TP,N)) / (0.015 * Mean Deviation). CCI divergence occurs when price makes a new high/low but CCI does NOT confirm. Strategy: buy SPY at...
confirmed technical_indicators 1.0000 ADX + DI Crossover with Trend Strength Filter for SPY: The Average Directional Index (ADX) measures trend STRENGTH (not direction), while +DI and -DI measure directional movement. Strategy: (1) Only trade when ADX(14) > 25 (confirming a trend exists). (2) Buy SPY at T+1 open when +DI crosses above -...
confirmed technical_indicators 1.0000 META-FINDING: Divergence Indicators as a Class Outperform Level-Based Indicators on SPY. Across the 8 indicators evaluated, a clear pattern emerges: DIVERGENCE-based signals (MACD divergence Sharpe 0.806 from Round 1, Williams %R divergence, CCI divergence) are structurally superior to LEVEL-based s...

Round 9 (8 假說)

狀態維度信心假說
rejected risk_audit_monte_carlo 0.8800 Monte Carlo (10k paths, 10yr, fat-tail empirical resampling): Combined strategy has 99.1% probability of positive returns over 10yr (vs B&H 94.0%). P(beat B&H) = 100.0%. P(lose >20%) = 0.1% (vs B&H 3.1%). Median CAGR: combined 17.61% vs B&H 11.43%. The combined strategy trades ~1-2% median CAGR for ...
rejected risk_audit_worst_case 0.8500 Worst-case analysis: (A) Double crisis (2008+2020 B2B): Combined DD = -79.3% vs B&H -93.8%. (B) VIX>30 for 6 months: Lost put income ~1.44% — manageable. (C) VRP disappears: Strategy degrades gracefully to SPY+DualMomentum (still valid). KEY INSIGHT: The worst-case for the combined strategy (~-35% t...
rejected risk_audit_historical 0.9200 Historical backtest (2003-2025): Combined CAGR=13.25% Sharpe=0.85 MaxDD=-35.89% Calmar=0.369. vs B&H: CAGR=11.06% Sharpe=0.657 MaxDD=-55.19% Calmar=0.2. Bootstrap Sharpe diff: 0.1929, 95% CI [0.0755, 0.3289], P(Combined>B&H)=100.0%. Sharpe improvement is statistically significant but drawdown improv...
rejected risk_audit_final_verdict 0.9500 FINAL SCORECARD — Alpha: 4/10 (risk premium, not alpha). Robustness: 8/10 (components well-researched, but regime-dependent). Complexity: 6/10 (lower=simpler) (monthly put management, options knowledge needed). Risk: 6/10 (higher=safer) (-25% to -35% DD still realistic). HONEST VERDICT: CONDITIONAL ...
rejected risk_audit_monte_carlo 0.8800 Monte Carlo (10k paths, 10yr, fat-tail empirical resampling): Combined strategy has 99.1% probability of positive returns over 10yr (vs B&H 94.0%). P(beat B&H) = 100.0%. P(lose >20%) = 0.1% (vs B&H 3.1%). Median CAGR: combined 17.61% vs B&H 11.43%. The combined strategy trades ~1-2% median CAGR for ...
rejected risk_audit_worst_case 0.8500 Worst-case analysis: (A) Double crisis (2008+2020 B2B): Combined DD = -79.3% vs B&H -93.8%. (B) VIX>30 for 6 months: Lost put income ~1.44% — manageable. (C) VRP disappears: Strategy degrades gracefully to SPY+DualMomentum (still valid). KEY INSIGHT: The worst-case for the combined strategy (~-35% t...
rejected risk_audit_historical 0.9200 Historical backtest (2003-2025): Combined CAGR=13.25% Sharpe=0.85 MaxDD=-35.89% Calmar=0.369. vs B&H: CAGR=11.06% Sharpe=0.657 MaxDD=-55.19% Calmar=0.2. Bootstrap Sharpe diff: 0.1929, 95% CI [0.0755, 0.3289], P(Combined>B&H)=100.0%. Sharpe improvement is statistically significant but drawdown improv...
rejected risk_audit_final_verdict 0.9500 FINAL SCORECARD — Alpha: 4/10 (risk premium, not alpha). Robustness: 8/10 (components well-researched, but regime-dependent). Complexity: 6/10 (lower=simpler) (monthly put management, options knowledge needed). Risk: 6/10 (higher=safer) (-25% to -35% DD still realistic). HONEST VERDICT: CONDITIONAL ...

負面結果(已排除的方向)

輪次維度方法失敗原因分數
R3 expiration_choice Round 3 research on expiration_choice Composite score 0.1625 below baseline 0.1625
R4 position_sizing Round 4 research on position_sizing Composite score 0.2321 below baseline 0.2321
R5 exit_rules Round 5 research on exit_rules Composite score 0.2750 below baseline 0.2750
R7 volatility_surface Round 7 research on volatility_surface Composite score 0.2750 below baseline 0.2750
R8 correlation Round 8 research on correlation Composite score 0.1693 below baseline 0.1693
R9 entry_timing Monte Carlo (10k paths, 10yr, fat-tail empirical resampling): Combined strategy has 99.1% probability of positive returns over 10yr (vs B&H 94.0%). P(beat B&H) = 100.0%. P(lose >20%) = 0.1% (vs B&H 3.... Composite score 0.2750 below baseline 0.2750
R9 entry_timing Monte Carlo (10k paths, 10yr, fat-tail empirical resampling): Combined strategy has 99.1% probability of positive returns over 10yr (vs B&H 94.0%). P(beat B&H) = 100.0%. P(lose >20%) = 0.1% (vs B&H 3.... Composite score 0.2750 below baseline 0.2750
R10 strike_selection Round 10 research on strike_selection Composite score 0.1400 below baseline 0.1400

方法評分

Agent方法成功率提出數確認數樣本數
risk-auditorvalidation_framework0.00%12012
researchervolatility_structure0.00%202
researcherflow_sentiment0.00%101
researcherml_volatility0.00%101
researchercross_asset_momentum0.00%101
researcherportfolio_construction0.00%101
researcherintraday_options0.00%101
researchercalendar_anomalies0.00%101
researcheroptions_selling0.00%101
researchertrend_following0.00%101
researchercross_sectional_momentum0.00%101
researchermicrostructure0.00%101
researchertechnical_indicators0.00%909
risk-auditorrisk_audit_monte_carlo0.00%101
risk-auditorrisk_audit_worst_case0.00%101
risk-auditorrisk_audit_historical0.00%101
risk-auditorrisk_audit_final_verdict0.00%101
risk-auditorrisk_audit_monte_carlo0.00%202
risk-auditorrisk_audit_worst_case0.00%202
risk-auditorrisk_audit_historical0.00%202
risk-auditorrisk_audit_final_verdict0.00%202

建議與後續行動